This book contains a series of essays discussing the uses of precedent as a source of law and a basis for legal arguments in nine different legal systems, representing a variety of legal traditions. Precedent is fundamental to law, yet theoretical and ideological as well as legal considerations lead to its being differently handled and rationalised in different places. Out of the comparative study come the six theoretical and synoptic essays that conclude the volume.

This title was first published in 2000: Robert S. Summers is a distinguished legal theorist whose work has had significant influence in Europe as well as the United States. The study of form and substance in law, the theme of this collection, marks many of his most distinctive contributions to law and legal philosophy over four decades.

This title was first published in 2000: Robert S. Summers is a distinguished legal theorist whose work has had significant influence in Europe as well as the United States. The study of form and substance in law, the theme of this collection, marks many of his most distinctive contributions to law and legal philosophy over four decades.

This book contains a series of essays discussing the uses of precedent as a source of law and a basis for legal arguments in nine different legal systems, representing a variety of legal traditions. Precedent is fundamental to law, yet theoretical and ideological as well as legal considerations lead to its being differently handled and rationalised in different places. Out of the comparative study come the six theoretical and synoptic essays that conclude the volume.

This book is a work of outstanding importance for scholars of comparative law and jurisprudence and for lawyers engaged in EC law or other international forms of practice. It reviews, compares and analyses the practice of interpretation in nine countries representing Europe as well as the US and Argentina in common and civil law; it also explores implications for general theories of interpretation and of justification. Its authors, who include Aulis Aarnio, Robert Alexy, Ralf Dreier, Enrique Zuleta-Puceiro, Michel Troper, Christophe Grzegorczyk, Jean-Louis Gardes, Enrico Pattaro, Michele Taruffo, Massimo La Torre, Jerry Wroblewski, Alexsander Peczenik, Gunnar Bergholtz and Zenon Bankowski, as well as editors Robert S. Summers and D. Neil MacCormick, constitute an international team of great distinction; they have worked on this project for over seven years.

This book is a work of outstanding importance for scholars of comparative law and jurisprudence and for lawyers engaged in EC law or other international forms of practice. It reviews, compares and analyses the practice of interpretation in nine countries representing Europe as well as the US and Argentina in common and civil law; it also explores implications for general theories of interpretation and of justification. Its authors, who include Aulis Aarnio, Robert Alexy, Ralf Dreier, Enrique Zuleta-Puceiro, Michel Troper, Christophe Grzegorczyk, Jean-Louis Gardes, Enrico Pattaro, Michele Taruffo, Massimo La Torre, Jerry Wroblewski, Alexsander Peczenik, Gunnar Bergholtz and Zenon Bankowski, as well as editors Robert S. Summers and D. Neil MacCormick, constitute an international team of great distinction; they have worked on this project for over seven years.

This book addresses three major questions about law and legal systems: (1) What are the defining and organising forms of legal institutions, legal rules, interpretative methodologies, and other legal phenomena? (2) How does frontal and systematic focus on these forms advance understanding of such phenomena? (3) What credit should the functions of forms have when such phenomena serve policy and related purposes, rule of law values, and fundamental political values such as democracy, liberty, and justice? This book seeks to offer general answers to these questions and thus gives form in the law its due. The answers not only provide articulate conversancy with the subject but also reveal insights into the nature of law itself, the oldest and foremost problem in legal theory and allied subjects.

This book addresses three major questions about law and legal systems: (1) What are the defining and organizing forms of legal institutions, legal rules, interpretive methodologies, and other legal phenomena? (2) How does frontal and systematic focus on these forms advance understanding of such phenomena? (3) What credit should the functions of forms have when such phenomena serve policy and related purposes, rule of law values, and fundamental political values such as democracy, liberty, and justice? This is the first book that seeks to offer general answers to these questions and thus gives form in the law its due. The answers not only provide articulate conversancy with the subject but also reveal insights into the nature of law itself, the oldest and foremost problem in legal theory and allied subjects.

This fully revised 7th Edition will give students a comprehensive introduction to the Uniform Commercial Code without burdening them with unnecessary detail: Articles 1 and 2 (sales), Articles 3, 4, 4A and 5 (payment systems), and Article 9 (secured transactions), as well as related statutes, amendments, regulations, and operating rules. The new edition deals not only with the 1999 revisions to Article 9 but also with the recent revisions to Article 1. This edition also addresses the earlier revisions to Articles 5, 3, and 4. It has limited coverage of the failed attempt to revise Article 2. A reference volume relied on by students, courts, and business lawyers for decades, the 7th Edition has been updated in light of modern practice and provides a useful resource for students and practitioners dealing with issues in sales, contracts, secured transactions, and payment systems.

Provides law students with an in-depth introduction to the UCC without burdening them with unnecessary detail. Citations have been used to enable the reader to understand the kinds of cases that might be presented under particular provisions of the Code. The materials cover payment systems under UCC Articles 3, 4, 4A, and 5, as well as related statutes, regulations, and operating rules governing negotiable instruments, the banking system, the Federal Reserve, clearinghouses, electronic payments, and letters of credit.

89 TABLE 5 USE OR PLANNED USE OF MAJOR ENGINES IN AIR FORCE AND NAVY AIRCRAFT a Engine Air Force Aircraft Navy Aircraft F-80, T-33, XF-92, YB-61, AJ2, F9F-7, TV-I, J-33 YB-62, F-94 (A, B), TM- T2-V, P4M-I 61 ( tactical missile) X-3, XF-88 F3D, F2H, F6U, F7U J-34 F-84 (B, C, D, E, G, H) J-35 FJ-I B-45, XB-51, XF-9J, B-36, J-47 B-47, F-86 (D, F, K) J-48 F-94C F9F J-57 B-52, YB-60, F-lOO, A3D, F4D, F8U F-I02A, F-I0l (A, B), SNARK, F-105A, F-I07, KC-135A, B-57D, X-16 F-84F, B-57 FIIF, A4D, FJ-3, J-65 FJ-4, F9F YQ-l, YQ-2, T-37 J-69 SNARK, YF-89E, B-66 J-71 F-I01, F-I02B, F-I05, J-75 F-I07 F8U, XP6M B-58, F-I04, F-IOIA (see J-79 note c, Table 4) F5D, FIIF, A3J, F4H T-34 C-133A, YC-97J, YC-12IF R7V-2 XF-84H T-40 R3Y, XFY, A2D YC-130, YC-131C T-56 Note: a Aircraft in which engine was used or was planned to be used. For at least one (and generally more) of the aircraft in the list associated with a given engine, the decision to use the engine was made when the engine was in the final stages of develop ment. (In the case of the J -57, J-79, andJ-75 this is true of nearly all the aircraft listed. ) No Jist extends beyond 1956. Summary For an engine developed independently of an airframe the de veloper may constrain the performance, weight, and size of an engine at the start."

This casebook focuses on the rules and principles of contract law, as well as the lawyer's role in planning and drafting contracts. Chapter One traces a contract case from the agreement stage, to a breakdown in the parties' relationship, to a lawsuit, to a decision in the trial court, and finally to the appellate court's opinion. It includes supporting material, including the parties' agreement, a correspondence from the lawyer to the client, the complaint, a motion to dismiss, the answer, the trial judge's charge to the jury, the special verdict form, the trial judge's decision on motions after the verdict, and the appellate court opinion. These materials help students understand where cases come from and lawyers' various roles, including planning, negotiating, counseling, drafting, as well as litigating. Following the introduction, this casebook presents extensive material on the theory and practice of transactional planning and drafting, as well as additional materials from lawyers involved in the cases. The Eighth Edition offers comprehensive coverage of contract law theories of obligation, including bargain, promissory estoppel, unjust enrichment, and tort arising in the contract setting. This edition includes new cases and secondary sources on developing issues of contract law. In particular, the casebook introduces several new readings on electronic contracts, algorithmic contracting, and the relationship of contracting to public health. Many of the secondary readings have been condensed and summarized, and the overall book has been streamlined. The casebook retains its strength in traditional subjects such as good faith, parol evidence, gap filling, conditional obligation, and breach, but the Eighth Edition contains fewer pages (and one less chapter) than earlier editions and is suitable for a 4, 5 or 6 hour course.

This casebook focuses on the rules and principles of contract law, as well as the lawyer's role in planning and drafting contracts. Chapter One traces a contract case from the agreement stage, to a breakdown in the parties' relationship, to a lawsuit, to a decision in the trial court, and finally to the appellate court's opinion. It includes supporting material, including the parties' agreement, a correspondence from the lawyer to the client, the complaint, a motion to dismiss, the answer, the trial judge's charge to the jury, the special verdict form, the trial judge's decision on motions after the verdict, and the appellate court opinion. These materials help students understand where cases come from and lawyers' various roles, including planning, negotiating, counseling, drafting, as well as litigating. Following the introduction, this casebook presents extensive material on the theory and practice of transactional planning and drafting, as well as additional materials from lawyers involved in the cases. The Eighth Edition offers comprehensive coverage of contract law theories of obligation, including bargain, promissory estoppel, unjust enrichment, and tort arising in the contract setting. This edition includes new cases and secondary sources on developing issues of contract law. In particular, the casebook introduces several new readings on electronic contracts, algorithmic contracting, and the relationship of contracting to public health. Many of the secondary readings have been condensed and summarized, and the overall book has been streamlined. The casebook retains its strength in traditional subjects such as good faith, parol evidence, gap filling, conditional obligation, and breach, but the Eighth Edition contains fewer pages (and one less chapter) than earlier editions and is suitable for a 4, 5 or 6 hour course.

Secured transactions in personal property are ubiquitous in modern business practice and make up a key part of modern commercial law. This volume, a streamlined version of the famous White & Summers Uniform Commercial Code practitioners text-the standard reference relied on by courts and business lawyers for nearly half a century-offers a succinct but in-depth introduction to Article 9 of the UCC. It is specifically designed to help students in the law school Secured Transactions course navigate through the Article 9 maze. This new edition incorporates the new amendments to Article 9 and related Code provisions, and updates the text in light of modern practice.